Domestic regulation, international standards, and technical barriers to trade

Technical barriers to trade and SPS measures and export dynamics

Traditional trade policy tools like tariffs and quotas are being actively replaced with non-tariff policy tools (NTB) by governments throughout the world. In this paper we investigate how introduction of two types of non-tariff measures, technical barriers to trade (TBT) and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures, affects exporters in different countries. According to the heterogeneous firms...

Social Standards in International Trade

domestic and international regulations and standards for risk disclosure in banks

Reporting by stakeholder groups, especially shareholders, has always been a demand And reporting and disclosure for the banking network is important. In Iran, banks require disclosing and reporting information and financial and economic events, but there are many international rules and standards for this disclosure. In addition, domestic regulations and requirements are also unclear due to the...

International standards in mitigating trade risks.

This paper describes the role of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), as a science-based and democratic standard-setting organisation that provides guidance on preventing the spread of animal diseases, including zoonoses, in international trade. The World Trade Organization is identified as the international institution with the legal power to encourage adherence to international sta...

Tariff Equivalent of Technical Barriers to Trade with Imperfect Substitution and Trade Costs

The price-wedge method yields a tariff-equivalent estimate of technical barriers to trade (TBT). An extension of this method accounts for imperfect substitution between domestic and imported goods and incorporates recent findings on trade costs. We explore the sensitivity of this revamped tariff equivalent estimate to its determinants (substitution elasticity, preference for home good, trade co...